Analisis Teoretis Kurva Lupa dan Spaced Repetition dalam Retensi Memori
Keywords:
Spaced Repetition, Kurva Lupa, Retensi Memori, Distribusi PengulanganAbstract
Retensi memori merupakan aspek fundamental dalam proses pembelajaran karena keberhasilan belajar tidak hanya ditentukan oleh pemahaman, tetapi juga oleh kemampuan mempertahankan informasi dalam jangka panjang. Fenomena kurva lupa menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar informasi mengalami penurunan secara signifikan dalam periode awal setelah pembelajaran. Kondisi ini menegaskan pentingnya strategi retensi yang selaras dengan karakteristik kerja memori. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara teoretis konsep kurva lupa dan spaced repetition sebagai strategi penguatan retensi jangka panjang. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian studi pustaka dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis. Sumber data diperoleh dari literatur psikologi kognitif dan karya klasik yang relevan, termasuk penelitian eksperimental tentang pelupaan dan distribusi pengulangan. Analisis dilakukan dengan menelaah kontribusi eksperimen Hermann Ebbinghaus, pola penurunan memori, perbedaan antara spaced repetition dan massed practice, serta prinsip penguatan jejak memori melalui aktivasi ulang dan konsolidasi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pengulangan yang didistribusikan dalam interval waktu tertentu mampu memperlambat laju pelupaan dan memperkuat stabilitas memori jangka panjang.
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